Principles
A backtest is only as honest as its assumptions, so we publish ours. Three principles apply everywhere:
- No look-ahead. A decision can only use data available at the moment it is made.
- Costs always count. Every simulated trade pays fees and slippage, applied against you.
- Labels never blur. Backtested, paper and onchain results are kept apart.
Where prices come from
- Token list. Every stock token comes from the issuer’s official registry for Robinhood Chain: contract address, ISIN, dividend multiplier and trading sessions.
- Live prices. From the issuer’s public quote service, refreshed every 30 seconds in the app. The token price includes reinvested dividends, so it can sit slightly above the underlying share.
- Historical prices. From each token’s Chainlink price feed on Robinhood Chain. Veyra reads every update the feed has published from its onchain logs. History starts when each feed launched (June 2026) and currently covers 35 tokens; tokens without a feed can’t be backtested yet.
- Daily close. The last feed update at or before 16:00 New York time. Updates after 16:00 count towards the next session, and weekend updates towards Monday.
- Longer history Planned Where a token’s own history is shorter than the period you test, the backtest will use the underlying share’s daily close, adjusted for splits and dividends, labelled so you can see which source was used for which dates.
How simulated trades fill
Rules are evaluated after the close of day t, using only data up to that close. Resulting trades fill at the close of the next trading day, t+1. Contributions scheduled on a day when the market is closed are made on the next trading day.
Fees and slippage
Every simulated trade pays a cost on its full value, always against you:
| Component | Default |
|---|---|
| Trading fee | 0.25% of trade value |
| Slippage | 0.15% of trade value |
| Total per trade | 0.40% |
A rebalance pays the cost on both the sells and the buys. Network (gas) fees are estimated separately when you preview a real transaction.
Contributions, rebalancing and cash
- Contributions are invested according to the strategy’s target weights.
- Rebalancing can run on a calendar (monthly, quarterly or yearly), when any position drifts beyond a band you set, or both.
- Cash that is not invested earns nothing in simulations.
- Dividends. Stock tokens on Robinhood Chain reinvest dividends through their multiplier, so a token tracks the underlying’s total return. Backtests match this by using dividend-adjusted prices.
Benchmark
Every strategy is drawn against a broad US equity index ETF, bought with the same contributions on the same dates and paying the same costs. The benchmark is shown alongside each result, never instead of it.
What the numbers mean
| Metric | Definition |
|---|---|
| Return | Time-weighted, so contributions don’t inflate it. |
| Annualised return | The time-weighted return expressed per year. Shown only when a test covers at least a year. |
| Max drawdown | The largest fall from a peak to a later low. Shown first. |
| Volatility | Standard deviation of daily returns, annualised (×√252). |
| Sharpe ratio | Annualised return divided by volatility, with a 0% risk-free rate. Shown only when a test covers at least a year. |
| Invested vs value | Total money put in, next to what it is worth now. |
Paper trading and forward tracking
A paper portfolio buys at the live token price when you start it and pays the same costs as a backtest. It is valued at live prices from then on. Contributions and rebalances happen when you press the button, not automatically. Forward tracking of published strategies, with a record that cannot be edited after the fact, is planned.
Limitations
- The past does not repeat on schedule. A good backtest is not a forecast.
- Tokens can trade away from the underlying share, especially outside market hours or when liquidity is thin.
- Our cost model is an estimate; real fees and slippage can be higher.
- Daily data cannot capture intraday moves.
If you find a number in Veyra that this page doesn’t explain, tell us at support@useveyra.fun.